Target Population and Treatment Pathway

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders, characterized by impaired ventricular filling (congestion) and/or ejection (pumping) capacity. This impairment results in the heart being unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body's metabolic demands, or able to do so only under abnormally elevated venous pressure. Typical symptoms of heart failure include dyspnea, extreme fatigue, and lower-extremity edema, while clinical manifestations may include signs such as pulmonary and peripheral fluid retention, tachycardia, and cardiomegaly.